https://www.thecongressproject.com/19701994-1 daily 0.75 2018-05-09 https://www.thecongressproject.com/19952015-1 daily 0.75 2018-05-09 https://www.thecongressproject.com/19451970-1 daily 0.75 2018-05-09 https://www.thecongressproject.com/109th-congress daily 0.75 2022-05-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526474708086-2E37KRXDR0NU7BKDOAZP/cheney.jpg 109th Congress (2005-2007) https://www.thecongressproject.com/71st-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525888681085-FCKP3CNFPZYX9KWXH8LE/smoot.jpg 71st Congress (1929-1931) https://www.thecongressproject.com/95th-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525920233048-ZEQU6MGRKDB5EDFNKEF5/hollings.jpg 95th Congress (1977-1979) https://www.thecongressproject.com/97th-congress daily 0.75 2022-05-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525925237881-YPOG4GUTSHUGKHDMV9YN/baker.jpg 97th Congress (1981-1983) https://www.thecongressproject.com/103rd-congress daily 0.75 2022-05-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526427970356-OCZYFUXKU050VEPRP47S/michel.jpg 103rd Congress (1993-1995) https://www.thecongressproject.com/106th-congress daily 0.75 2022-05-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526432725669-8N2S5JK5VDCE8CTVD1YV/hastert.jpg 106th Congress (1999-2001) https://www.thecongressproject.com/110th-congress daily 0.75 2022-02-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526475058549-MP6LJQ0DT48JP0SZ1KEF/pelosi2.jpg 110th Congress (2007-2009) https://www.thecongressproject.com/114th-congress daily 0.75 2022-05-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526476089147-I48RTPFAOMJ8Z395PK9N/mcconnell.jpg 114th Congress (2015-2017) https://www.thecongressproject.com/61st-congress-old daily 0.75 2018-05-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525703415705-DF0V4HDPSF5EV29UI5OL/payne.jpg 61st Congress (1909-1911) old - 61st Congress (1909-1911) Enactments:   Payne-Aldrich Tariff of 1909 Immigration Act of 1910 Bureau of Mines Act Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1910 Legislative, Executive and Judicial Appropriations Act of 1910 Mann-Elkins Act AZ, NM Enabling Act Rivers and Harbors Act of 1910 Civil Expense Act of 1910 Postal Savings Act of 1910 Publicity Act of 1910 Mann Act Reimbursement Act Public Land Withdrawal Act Expedition Act of 1910 Weeks Forest Purchase Act Currency Act of 1911 Judiciary Code Act of 1911 Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1911 16th Amendment https://www.thecongressproject.com/69th-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525887741528-SOIRBC5V67NAE92PYYGI/longworth.JPG 69th Congress (1925-1927) https://www.thecongressproject.com/73rd-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525889395353-YCO9JWZWUUS3LBVTHEYB/bankhead.gif 73rd Congress (1933-1935) https://www.thecongressproject.com/83rd-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525906567974-QQFL1UGG8OHM40C1G34A/martin.jpg 83rd Congress (1953-1955) https://www.thecongressproject.com/89th-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525911555486-GRHJ9H3W9BCJJJFWBE2T/Mills.jpg 89th Congress (1965-1967) https://www.thecongressproject.com/94th-congress daily 0.75 2022-04-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525919215135-EFF5Q6T0MZ3I13DUL2IQ/byrd.jpeg 94th Congress (1975-1977) https://www.thecongressproject.com/about daily 0.75 2022-01-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526497788820-3MUJ8DZZBKQTED6W5DP6/bill.jpg FAQs Above: A misleading liar. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526500675441-1J1G629831LL6Q9BA4V8/capitol.jpg FAQs https://www.thecongressproject.com/57th-congress-old daily 0.75 2018-05-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525371750666-96X7DUBSE7H4AO0N0X26/Newlands.jpg 57th Congress (1901-1903) old - 57th Congress (1901-1903) Important Enactments:   Census Bureau Creation War Tax Repeal Chinese Exclusion Continued Oleomargarine Act Newlands Reclamation Act Spooner Act (Isthmus Canal) Public Health Reorganization Philippines Civil Government Navy Appropriations of 1902 Militia Efficiency Bankruptcy Amendments Expedition Act Create Departments of Commerce and Labor Army Staff Corp Reorganization Elkins Anti-Rebate (ICC) Immigration Regulation (Anarchists) https://www.thecongressproject.com/62nd-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525719828336-O2UPJOKCQISTS23BZROZ/rucker.jpg 62nd Congress (1911-1913) https://www.thecongressproject.com/104th-congress daily 0.75 2022-05-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526431233290-0AHGXR4RBTLZN11BPTZ4/gingirch.jpg 104th Congress (1995-1997) https://www.thecongressproject.com/88th-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525911299518-RJZUXVWNMZ1BG35Z9JF1/engle.jpg 88th Congress (1963-1965) https://www.thecongressproject.com/92nd-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525913816280-RKZNZR0THI1PSIE2D37J/oneill.jpg 92nd Congress (1971-1973) https://www.thecongressproject.com/101st-congress daily 0.75 2022-05-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526425592020-X0XMJI9O1JPPS7281E1O/mitchell.jpg 101st Congress (1989-1991) https://www.thecongressproject.com/105th-congress daily 0.75 2022-02-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526431610838-A43LEP2A0XRXINR00PX8/lott.jpg 105th Congress (1997-1999) https://www.thecongressproject.com/recent-updates daily 0.75 2019-09-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1553270014049-M6JMYP0ZDIGQ1ON9QBPK/house+brawl.jpg Recent Updates Above (1858): One of the most infamous brawls in U.S. House history, it culminated in Rep. John "Bowie Knife" Potter (R-WI) ripping the hairpiece off the head of Rep. William Barksdale (D-MS). "Congressional Row, in the U.S. House of Representatives, Midnight of Friday, February 5th, 1858." Credit: Collection of the U.S. House of Representatives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1553269195697-AF0YP1O0XBUG6K6UG8A2/Benton.jpg Recent Updates Above (1850): Senator Henry Foote (D-MS) pulls a pistol on Senator Thomas Hart Benton (D-MO), who charges towards him. "Scene in Uncle Sam's Senate. 17th April 1850". Credit: Library of Congress. https://www.thecongressproject.com/58th-congress daily 0.75 2022-05-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526487862132-6BQYHY6LFBI3V9Z4QHWE/georgefoss.jpg 58th Congress (1903-1905) https://www.thecongressproject.com/63rd-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525721931061-ABOZ8NE6XDVE1TP7FZDX/clark.jpg 63rd Congress (1913-1915) https://www.thecongressproject.com/79th-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525899585516-PO5F3HMPRUTMNJAW9XDA/monroney.jpg 79th Congress (1945-1947) https://www.thecongressproject.com/80th-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525899498597-26434M04N8GRAUZ9XXPX/taft.jpg 80th Congress (1947-1949) https://www.thecongressproject.com/90th-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525911847510-KKIN9SN3YQ91AUB2T0VW/mansfield.jpg 90th Congress (1967-1969) https://www.thecongressproject.com/93rd-congress daily 0.75 2025-05-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525916330216-HGSSGWK6JPG2L1LZV9IP/long.jpg 93rd Congress (1973-1975) https://www.thecongressproject.com/99th-congress daily 0.75 2022-05-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526409199058-567ZB6JGVN0UFH4CK1S0/simpson.jpg 99th Congress (1985-1987) https://www.thecongressproject.com/111th-congress daily 0.75 2022-05-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526475268095-HX7S70P6RBERZSIYWQDN/reid2.jpg 111th Congress (2009-2011) https://www.thecongressproject.com/75th-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525890719742-8RZV7NV7OPPVUDM16T73/short.jpg 75th Congress (1937-1939) https://www.thecongressproject.com/76th-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525891053463-V62FVYW4Y8OE921Y7ZLM/rayburn.jpg 76th Congress (1939-1941) https://www.thecongressproject.com/82nd-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525906044690-7A7TPSTWHHATL62HU4BJ/mccarran.jpg 82nd Congress (1951-1953) https://www.thecongressproject.com/91st-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525912625083-OKQMXKCIYQMW1R7KQQN9/jacobs.jpg 91st Congress (1969-1971) https://www.thecongressproject.com/112th-congress daily 0.75 2022-02-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526475716818-1NQVY8JMDLCR7BIQA1TU/boehner.jpg 112th Congress (2011-2013) https://www.thecongressproject.com/59th-congress-1905-1907-5 daily 0.75 2018-05-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525703094693-E2BYCR25L6QDXMVY5IWQ/aldrich.jpg 60th Congress (1907-1909) old - 60th Congress (1907-1909) Enactments:   Employer's Liability Act of 1908 Indian Department Appropriations Navy Appropriations Bill Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1908 DC Child Labor Law Currency Bill (Aldrich-Vreeland) Workman's Comp Act of 1908 Opium Exclusion Act of 1909 Enlarged Homestead Act Correcting Records of NCO's Legislative, Executive and Judicial Appropriations Act of 1909 Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1909 Copyright Act Criminal Code Revision of 1909 https://www.thecongressproject.com/77th-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525891328541-PJWG6ZQTBBP1IRY6QTKO/adams.jpg 77th Congress (1941-1943) https://www.thecongressproject.com/84th-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525907310545-W6JK0KAGPSNWR8RJL3KU/douglas.jpg 84th Congress (1955-1957) https://www.thecongressproject.com/85th-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525907597347-CLGQQ5DCTBN6IAPD5P3S/douglas.jpg 85th Congress (1957-1959) https://www.thecongressproject.com/113th-congress daily 0.75 2022-05-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526475841348-2QOZ1PPAGPVHPABZBRXH/biden.jpg 113th Congress (2013-2015) https://www.thecongressproject.com/65th-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525799825020-1BTSH2ZXRJ1JCLSTO5WS/rankin.jpg 65th Congress (1917-1919) https://www.thecongressproject.com/68th-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525801746120-QZZA5OY3A43ADN6ENAVZ/hoch.jpg 68th Congress (1923-1925) https://www.thecongressproject.com/59th-congress-1905-1907 daily 0.75 2018-05-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525378224960-UDQI2I9C1903C6NCYNEL/Cannon.jpg 59th Congress (1905-1907) old - 59th Congress (1905-1907) Enactments:   Tillman Act Consular Reorganization Act Immigration Act of 1907 Legislative, Executive and Judiciary Branch Appropriations Act of 1907 Citizen and Expatriation Act Antiquities Act of 1906 Employers' Liability Act Statehood for OK, NM, AZ Agriculture Appropriations of 1907 Amend the National Banking Act Legislative, Executive and Judiciary Branch Appropriations Act of 1906 Sixteen Hour Bill Naval Appropriations Act Interstate Commerce Rate Act Naturalization Act Agriculture Appropriations of 1906 Pure Food Act Immunity of Witnesses (Antitrust) https://www.thecongressproject.com/86th-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525908184500-SEB857NDOFMI3WDHHV5R/Hays.jpg 86th Congress (1959-1961) https://www.thecongressproject.com/100th-congress daily 0.75 2022-05-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526409622659-VM336Y19JE3NU7U9HE2N/stevens.jpg 100th Congress (1987-1989) https://www.thecongressproject.com/102nd-congress daily 0.75 2022-05-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526425729583-RUNYGQ1ROFA5Q6VPURW4/foley.jpg 102nd Congress (1991-1993) https://www.thecongressproject.com/home daily 1.0 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/7b9a4372-7899-4225-81a1-6a95c694d50d/US_Capitol_west_side.jpeg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/46682397-7e8f-42aa-b400-60be24ae8747/CPlogo.png Home - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.thecongressproject.com/56th-congress-old daily 0.75 2018-05-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525359170835-INJSF13R5NMINKA1KZ9W/image-asset.jpeg 56th Congress (1899-1901) old - 56th Congress (1899-1901) Important Enactments:   Civil Code for Alaska Gold Standard Act (Currency) Puerto Rico Assistance Act Foraker Act Hawaiian Organic Act Lacey Act Cuban Extradition Act Naval Appropriations Act of 1900 Military Efficiency Act Army Appropriations Act War Revenue Act of 1901 National Bureau of Standards Created https://www.thecongressproject.com/67th-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525801390607-F82IMPJY95CGILXY19L7/mccumber.jpg 67th Congress (1921-1923) https://www.thecongressproject.com/74th-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525890498876-OXAX6437JGVHW9YKLTKT/barkley.jpg 74th Congress (1935-1937) https://www.thecongressproject.com/96th-congress daily 0.75 2022-05-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525921280822-QV6LXXHOHEL8CAFUVG78/dole.jpg 96th Congress (1979-1981) https://www.thecongressproject.com/98th-congress daily 0.75 2022-02-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525981626770-R100RWK64H7T2OLX9ACA/garn.jpg 98th Congress (1983-1985) https://www.thecongressproject.com/72nd-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525888914019-HA7O35PMECUYEX8NRZTN/garner.jpg 72nd Congress (1931-1933) https://www.thecongressproject.com/78th-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525891865241-T90MMBJ0I3RSZ830VOVQ/george.jpg 78th Congress (1943-1945) https://www.thecongressproject.com/81st-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525913391035-RSOEO3SS020MXF9XQPHX/Vinson.jpg 81st Congress (1949-1951) https://www.thecongressproject.com/108th-congress daily 0.75 2022-05-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526474482136-9S8KAEWM1Y1OLGEG6E42/frist.jpg 108th Congress (2003-2005) https://www.thecongressproject.com/66th-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525800617724-1XDUNMT4WL5QNC97NT7V/lodge.jpg 66th Congress (1919-1921) https://www.thecongressproject.com/70th-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525888378098-EZ8I6334VQEPBYV2U26T/dawes.jpg 70th Congress (1927-1929) https://www.thecongressproject.com/107th-congress daily 0.75 2022-05-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526474322897-T2LMPNX6Q5J9EHOPM15J/daschle.jpg 107th Congress (2001-2003) https://www.thecongressproject.com/64th-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525799092608-FZ8Q5Y0YY4SM4124ACRR/Marshall.jpg 64th Congress (1915-1917) https://www.thecongressproject.com/87th-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525910697450-1F3OF3UIY64HDYIQ7H4T/lbj.jpg 87th Congress (1961-1963) https://www.thecongressproject.com/naval-appropriations-act-of-1905 daily 0.75 2019-09-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1536172158759-DS4X24BSLIIXQLWT0NQ8/T_Roosevelt.jpg Naval Appropriations Act of 1905 "Our Navy is the surest guaranty of peace and the cheapest insurance against war." - President Theodore Roosevelt (above), justifying his request to expand the Navy. See "Plea for Big Navy," Washington Post, February 23, 1905. https://www.thecongressproject.com/national-firearms-act-of-1934 daily 0.75 2019-10-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1536181204679-D7YCF4N7SC6ZPZ5IM2DQ/DillingerMugshot.jpg National Firearms Act of 1934 It was reported that the killing of gangster John Dillinger (above) in January 1934 played a role in galvanizing public support for the National Firearms Act of 1934 (see e.g. “Recent Successes against Criminals Strengthen Drive: Dillinger and Hauptmann Cases Do Much to Weld Public Sentiment,” Christian Science Monitor, September 24, 1934.) https://www.thecongressproject.com/comprehensive-antiapartheid-act-of-1986 daily 0.75 2019-09-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1552748008443-KLNHLOGK6FK92GWDF4XH/William_Gray_III.jpg Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 Above: House Budget Committee Chairman William Gray (D-PA) had introduced a more modest South African sanctions bill (HR 1460) in 1985. The measure passed both chambers, but a conference report was abandoned in the Senate after President Reagan imposed a number of sanctions through executive order. See footnote [3]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1536189728862-Q1XP1U8JKJST5SOYRQ1T/John_Glenn_Portrait.jpg Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 “...Where South Africa is concerned, the administration has used quiet diplomacy as an excuse for closing its ears to the cries of those who suffer. As a result, constructive engagement has led only to the destructive enragement of the majority of South Africa’s population.” – Senator John Glenn (D-OH) (above)(Congressional Record, August 14, 1986, 99th Congress, 21537). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1552660912502-0V7VAC4PLH3NOR2IFMN7/Mitch-McConnell-99th.jpg Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 Above: Freshman Senator Mitch McConnell (R-KY), who argued: "Because I have chosen to stand with those who struggle for freedom, I must stand apart from my President." https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1552748078155-23BZ2PZ1JNE6DQFXCH5M/Mandela.jpg Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 The South African economy took a substantial hit after the bill was imposed, leading the government to contemplate releasing Nelson Mandela (above). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1536197627385-KZF2BTC0BZ20TEFA6VAV/Ron_Dellums.jpg Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 Rep. Ron Dellums (D-CA) (above) viewed the House bill as a "step forward," but also "“inadequate in response to what is evolving in South Africa at the very moment (Congressional Record, June 18, 1986, 99th Congress, 14276).” His full-text substitute amendment was adopted by voice vote. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1536199438871-AH3PM8IGZJFPN1MI9K45/Figure2.jpg Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 Source: Voteview.com (99th Senate, rcnum 692). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1536198697133-KNLTXVSXI6UV3O2UR1S1/President_Reagan_1981.jpg Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 President Ronald Reagan (above) vetoed the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act, arguing the measure "would seriously impede the prospects for a peaceful end to apartheid and the establishment of a free and open society for all in South Africa." https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1536199016246-7KJU30S327A957QD40OK/Figure1.jpg Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 Source: Voteview.com (99th House, rcnum 829). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1552657716643-U0D907H5BS0PKQ6GK0RW/HelenSuzman.jpg Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 Above: Helen Suzman was a long-time member of the South African whites-only parliament, and, at times, the only MP opposed to apartheid. Her constant arguments against apartheid meant she received a good deal of criticism, and she was harassed and spied on by security services. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1536197480098-N9SPLMP6JWGUE6RHQNCO/Mikulski.jpg Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 “Apartheid enslaves black South Africans. It is evil. The United States has been an accessory to this evil because the President and this Congress refuse to cut all United States ties to South Africa.” – Rep. Barbara Mikulski (D-MD) (above) (Congressional Record, June 18, 1986, 99th Congress, 14229) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1552749584561-8VQ953AEW3J1S7IH6SP1/Larry_Pressler.jpg Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 Above: Arguably the bills most vocal opponent in the Senate, Senator Larry Pressler (R-SD) argued that sanctions would prolong apartheid, push the South African government to the right and cause a civil war. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1536198464636-JFWZOJIHLUI5NF3JKZOE/Lugar.JPG Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 Senator Richard Lugar (R-IN) (above) sponsored the Senate bill and was credited with getting the measure through committee "with sheer political muscle." (CQ Almanac 1987). https://www.thecongressproject.com/safe-drinking-water-act-1974 daily 0.75 2019-09-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1552576046022-O5ZMJ23E4MXLQUL19P77/PhilCrane.jpg Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 Above: To protect states rights, Rep. Phil Crane (R-IL) argued "[there] are those of us who at time must vote against God, motherhood and apple pie." https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1552577331176-AMV7AV32LDB0OTJ0PCIU/Norris_Cotton.jpg Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 Above: Prior to the bill’s passage in the Senate, Senator Norris Cotton (R-NH) argued voting against the bill would be "like voting against home and mother." https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1552576718354-8M9S09Y39JJTIM7JG2Y5/Nader-1975.jpeg Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 Above: Consumer advocate Ralph Nader argued that "half of all Americans drink water below federal standards." https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1542022613583-KW6A9DGUOHZ2XN61X2BX/Magnuson.jpg Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 Above: The sponsor of the Safe Drinking Water Act, Senator Warren Magnuson (D-WA), argued that "ninety percent [of the drinking water systems] failed to meet the biological surveillance criteria of the current drinking water standards for interstate carriers." https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1552577098385-NQF3Z25S8GKSVJ4GEQKX/Rogers.jpg Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 Above: The sponsor of the House companion bill, Rep. Paul Rogers (D-FL). Rogers earned the nickname "Mr. Health" because of his sponsorship and advocacy of bills like the National Cancer Act of 1971, the Health Maintenance Organization Act and the Clean Air Act. https://www.thecongressproject.com/national-school-lunch-act-1946 daily 0.75 2019-09-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1547835961466-1PRS8JI8Z58AHBVSQERL/Russell.jpg National School Lunch Act of 1946 (Above) Senator Richard Russell (D-GA), a strong proponent of the National School Lunch Act. https://www.thecongressproject.com/anti-drug-abuse-act-of-1986 daily 0.75 2019-09-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1548468835601-1IQ21KMR8DK6DQBOPVYG/SpeakerWright.jpg Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 Above: Majority Leader Jim Wright (D-TX), the sponsor of the bill. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1548469239828-XUE1WI9JF8A5H1JA19G0/Gekas+Vote.jpg Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 Source: Voteview.com (99th House, rcnum 783). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1548470142574-DVG246SNH3UFOA767JMW/Biden.jpg Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 Then Senator Joe Biden (D-DE) (above) expressed hope senators would "check [their] political six-guns at the door." https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1544201145693-6B6ZONSPOOF38QYC5Y2N/Bias.jpg Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 Above: Maryland basketball star Len Bias, whose death helped motivated the passage of the act. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1548471233990-QPWGH57BMDKALHD95V3N/Charlesmathiasjr.jpg Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 Senator Charles Mathias (R-MD) (above) informed Majority Leader Bob Dole (R-KS) he would filibuster the bill with a death penalty provision in it and he was "prepared to spend Christmas [in the Senate]" to do so. https://www.thecongressproject.com/twenty-first-amendment daily 0.75 2019-09-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1551666220133-VJCBMZJ2GTHP59H7C1BE/John_Nance_Garner.jpg Twenty-First Amendment Above: Speaker of the House John Nance “Cactus Jack” Garner (D-TX) was known to have private office he dubbed the "Board of Education." He and others would drink in it during prohibition to, in his words, "strike a blow for liberty" (Champagne 1998). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1551666790173-J1SA8C46XOISYCNMHPJC/Blanton.jpg Twenty-First Amendment Above: One of the most vocal House drys, Rep. Thomas L. Blanton (D-TX) was booed during his final speech against SJR 211. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1551662607812-2U8SSXM8WT751VOMO6RF/Voteview%2B72nd%2BHouse%2BRcnum%2B112.jpg Twenty-First Amendment Source: Voteview.com (72nd House, rcnum 112) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1566923608144-LGYNAWOUPV7M042DTZ43/Bingham.jpg Twenty-First Amendment Above: Prior to coming to the Senate, Hiram Bingham (R-CT) was an academic and explorer most well-known for publicizing the location of the Inca city of Machu Picchu. He has been cited an inspiration for the Indiana Jones character. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1566923664847-BV8TKER35UHVEDXMU5GA/Tydings.jpg Twenty-First Amendment Above: The most vocal Democratic wet in the Senate, Millard Tydings (D-MD). He would later be known for his aggressive opposition to both the New Deal and McCarthyism. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1551664818778-8SCYD6YZS1HGERCAPJA6/John_J_O%27Connor.jpg Twenty-First Amendment Above: Rep. John J. O’Connor (D-NY), a leading House Democratic wet. He would go on to chair the House Rules Committee. His opposition to the New Deal would lead to his defeat in the 1938 Democratic primary. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1551664252515-X31Q946D5Z20PDGVXM3P/Crisp.jpg Twenty-First Amendment Above: The son of a former House Speaker and former House parliamentarian, Rep. Charles R. Crisp (D-GA) played a leading role in liberalizing the discharge petition rule for the 72nd Congress. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1551666371025-U7FIH4W9GTJ0LW6DC80O/Sheppard.jpg Twenty-First Amendment Above: Senator Morris Sheppard (D-TX), the “Father of Prohibition,” gave an eight and a half hour speech in an attempt to filibuster SJR 211. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1551657653287-35D56FH1LG86APWGVG7T/Voteview%2B72nd%2BHouse%2BRcnum%2B22.jpg Twenty-First Amendment Source: Voteview.com (72nd Congress, rcnum 22). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1551666085611-77XH2IRLVIZF3L2M2BHZ/Borah.jpg Twenty-First Amendment Above: A leading Republican dry, Senator William Borah (R-ID) frequently sparred with Bingham over prohibition. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1551711698550-G5VP2KDH00XC294R095A/Beer+Drinkers.jpg Twenty-First Amendment Above: Patrons celebrate the passage of the Twenty-First Amendment, ending prohibition. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1551663655049-IGGKN48JOFPPAKQZX609/Massacre.jpg Twenty-First Amendment Above: Graphic stories and photographs from violent crimes like the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre led President Hoover to appoint a commission to examine the link between prohibition and crime. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1551666888280-G2H6K7KSGRH452DJEMFI/FDR.jpg Twenty-First Amendment Above: After signing the Beer-Wine Revenue Act in the 73rd Congress, President Franklin D. Roosevelt (D-NY) famously declared "I think this would be a good time for a beer (Smith 2007)." https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1566923832164-M400Y0697JPI35RXCXQD/Robinson.jpg Twenty-First Amendment Above: Press coverage credited the passage of SJR 211 to Senate Minority Leader Joseph Robinson (D-AR), who opposed all previous wet proposals but had “something resembling a death-bed repentance” on the issue. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1566925776143-E3S2VLQLAZD3XRA880GR/Blaine.jpg Twenty-First Amendment Above: Senator John J. Blaine (R-WI), the sponsor of SJR 211 (the "Blaine Bill"). https://www.thecongressproject.com/standard-time-act-of-1918 daily 0.75 2019-09-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1552191077475-RGZIF9HHG1IBV5W6O8VZ/Wilson+WW1.jpg Standard Time Act of 1918 Above: President Wilson addresses Congress regarding war in Europe. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1552190060522-WHTTOD4P3T94FQ5GYY42/Calder.jpg Standard Time Act of 1918 Above: Upon passage of the Standard Time Act, its sponsor, Senator William Calder (R-NY) predicted it would be "a very popular measure" and "no effort [would] be made to repeal it." It was a terrible prediction. The daylight saving provision of the law was repealed just over a year later after widespread confusion. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1552192178698-I6XX6UQOOQYMY43553VV/Wingo.jpg Standard Time Act of 1918 Above: During debate, Rep. Otis Wingo (D-AR) asserted the bill’s supporters had "never seen the sun rise in 20 years" and predicted the measure would provide relief to "the slackers of the Nation who are too lazy to get up early." https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1552192769490-HTU3JJDWW3VAYJTBHI3O/Wilson.jpg Standard Time Act of 1918 Above: President Woodrow Wilson signed the Standard Time Act into law on March 19, 1918. He then vetoed two laws repealing the daylight saving provision during the 66th Congress. The second veto was overridden and the provision was repealed on August 20, 1919. https://www.thecongressproject.com/data-and-links daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1568303155933-S80H9YBV7BBPSGHW3JER/Poole.jpg Data and Links Above: The Philip H. Alston Jr. Distinguished Chair Department of Political Science at the University of Georgia, Professor Keith T. Poole. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1568305819642-35M0HJDQS6K5BO4W3B68/Smith.jpg Data and Links Above: Longstanding Rules Committee Chairman Howard "Judge" Smith (D-VA). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1568317970985-5VDBU0BGQJVLICW6K277/riddick.jpg Data and Links Above: Former Senate Parliamentarian Floyd Riddick https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1568303225380-XKRIGAAT235OUMIBOGRP/Saulsbury.jpg Data and Links "I never did see or converse with so weak and imbecile a man as Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States." - Senator Willard Saulsbury (D-DE) (above), 1863. Shortly afterwards, an intoxicated Saulsbury would pull a pistol on the Senate sergeant-at-arms after being called to order. https://www.thecongressproject.com/contributors daily 0.75 2022-05-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1535556711114-XHDCHBIX3QZ89CWBR6S1/Norsworthy.jpg Contributors https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/c41ffd42-a07e-46a2-abfd-f904846b2a61/DSC09848.jpg Contributors - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1527442315438-FGIUCMJUL7LXAMWFVDW8/lynch.jpg Contributors https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1568304651426-ZGOZW8VFO3DWECI3NN8K/IMG_0786.jpg Contributors https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/645c7f7c-684a-4ce0-987d-be900ce1e0b3/301627942_Bellando+John.jpg Contributors - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1527442863212-P3VWHWDTFSTDNFHPK2EF/Vick.jpg Contributors https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525718082946-CO8QNWBRP9MT0TBL6XAD/madonna.jpg Contributors https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1568310017220-376JQF5GXJ0C8YO5J75T/fagundes.jpg Contributors https://www.thecongressproject.com/parties-and-leaders daily 0.75 2019-10-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525364089741-7YTHD5OQ07MQAKO0R5D0/384px-Joseph_G._Cannon_1921.jpg Parties and Leaders Above: House Speaker “Uncle” Joe Cannon (R-IL) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526474482136-9S8KAEWM1Y1OLGEG6E42/frist.jpg Parties and Leaders Sen. William H. Frist (R-TN), the Senate Majority Leader. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526474708086-2E37KRXDR0NU7BKDOAZP/cheney.jpg Parties and Leaders Vice President Dick Cheney (R-WY) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525891053463-V62FVYW4Y8OE921Y7ZLM/rayburn.jpg Parties and Leaders "Any jackass can kick down a barn, but it takes a carpenter to build one." - Rep. Sam Rayburn (D-TX) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525908184500-SEB857NDOFMI3WDHHV5R/Hays.jpg Parties and Leaders "If you [want] to pass a bill to legalize prostitution, you call it a reform bill and you can get it through the House in 30 minutes." - Rep. Wayne Hays (D-OH) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1554415696877-Q98N6ZB04HXI0RHTRJAX/trent+lott.jpg Parties and Leaders Sen. Trent Lott, the Senate Majority Leader https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525719828336-O2UPJOKCQISTS23BZROZ/rucker.jpg Parties and Leaders Above: Rep. William Rucker (D-MO), sponsor of the 17th Amendment. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526425729583-RUNYGQ1ROFA5Q6VPURW4/foley.jpg Parties and Leaders Speaker of the House, Rep. Thomas Foley (D-WA) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525703094693-E2BYCR25L6QDXMVY5IWQ/aldrich.jpg Parties and Leaders Above: Senator Nelson Aldrich (R-RI), sponsor of the Aldrich-Vreeland Currency Act. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525913816280-RKZNZR0THI1PSIE2D37J/oneill.jpg Parties and Leaders "The House ends up, almost always, voting for a bill that is three-fourths decent, one-fourth lousy, without amendments." - Rep. Thomas J. "Tip" O'Neill https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526427970356-OCZYFUXKU050VEPRP47S/michel.jpg Parties and Leaders House Minority Leader, Rep. Bob Michel (R-IL) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525910697450-1F3OF3UIY64HDYIQ7H4T/lbj.jpg Parties and Leaders Vice President Lyndon Johnson (D-TX) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525916330216-HGSSGWK6JPG2L1LZV9IP/long.jpg Parties and Leaders "The Senator made a good case. I must say I never heard a better case made for such a weak case than the one the Senator made." - Senator Russell Long (D-LA) (above), "complimenting" Senator Edmund Muskie (D-ME). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525359170835-INJSF13R5NMINKA1KZ9W/image-asset.jpeg Parties and Leaders Senator Joseph Foraker (R-OH), author of the Foraker Act, which established civil government for Puerto Rico. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525799092608-FZ8Q5Y0YY4SM4124ACRR/Marshall.jpg Parties and Leaders "I can reach the highest ideal of my tradition and my lineage as an American, as a man, as a citizen, and as a public official when I judge my fellowmen without malice and with charity; when I worry more about my own motives and conduct and less about the motives and conduct of others. The only time I am liable to be wrong is when I know that I am absolutely right." -- Vice President Thomas R. Marshall (above) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525921280822-QV6LXXHOHEL8CAFUVG78/dole.jpg Parties and Leaders "We need it." - Sen. Bob Dole (R-KS) (above), in response to Sen. Robert Byrd's (D-WV) announcement that at some point during a filibuster the chaplain is going to have to deliver a prayer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526475716818-1NQVY8JMDLCR7BIQA1TU/boehner.jpg Parties and Leaders Rep. John Boehner (R-OH), the Speaker of the House https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525890498876-OXAX6437JGVHW9YKLTKT/barkley.jpg Parties and Leaders "We have been told here that we ought to balance the budget. It has become a sort of shibboleth, a sacred slogan in the last few weeks. Although, for 150 years as a nation, we did without a budget and did not know what a budget was, no that we have one we do not know what to do with. We can not balance it and we can not leave it unbalanced." - Senator Alben Barkley (D-KY) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526474322897-T2LMPNX6Q5J9EHOPM15J/daschle.jpg Parties and Leaders Sen. Thomas A. Daschle (D-SD), who became the Senate majority leader after Sen. James Jeffords (R-VT)left the Republican party. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525799825020-1BTSH2ZXRJ1JCLSTO5WS/rankin.jpg Parties and Leaders Above: Rep. Jeannette Rankin (R-MT) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526409622659-VM336Y19JE3NU7U9HE2N/stevens.jpg Parties and Leaders "God forbid that anyone will ever tell me that the city of Washington is my home; it is not. I detest it. I really do. I cannot think of another place to have a nation’s capital in the world that is a worse place to live. The air compared to my state is abominable. We shorten our life spans by coming to this town." - Sen. Ted Stevens (R-AK) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525925237881-YPOG4GUTSHUGKHDMV9YN/baker.jpg Parties and Leaders "I increasingly believe that the essence of leadership, the essence of good Senate service, is the ability to be an eloquent listener, to hear and understand what your colleagues have to say, what your party has to say, what the country has to say ... and try to translate that into effective policy." - Sen. Howard Baker (R-TN) (above), quoted in the Atlantic. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525363300411-UH2FIJ76E4WU4ZSUXI42/GeorgeEdmundFoss.jpg Parties and Leaders Above: Rep. George Foss (R-IL), author of the Naval Appropriations Act of 1905. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525801746120-QZZA5OY3A43ADN6ENAVZ/hoch.jpg Parties and Leaders Rep. Homer Hoch (R-KS), co-author of the Hoch-Smith Resolution https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525913391035-RSOEO3SS020MXF9XQPHX/Vinson.jpg Parties and Leaders "No. I'd rather run the Pentagon from up here." - Rep. Carl Vinson (D-GA) (above), the House Armed Services Committee Chairman, when asked about serving as President Truman's Secretary of Defense. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525890719742-8RZV7NV7OPPVUDM16T73/short.jpg Parties and Leaders "God pity America in the future if we continue to refuse to shoulder the responsibility that is ours, and cowardly, both directly and indirectly, by surreption and every other means, turn over our constitutional prerogatives and surrender not only our rights but also our duties to some individual at the other end of Pennsylvania Avenue." - Rep. Dewey Jackson Short (R-MO) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526425592020-X0XMJI9O1JPPS7281E1O/mitchell.jpg Parties and Leaders Senate Majority Leader George J. Mitchell (D-ME) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525899498597-26434M04N8GRAUZ9XXPX/taft.jpg Parties and Leaders Senator Robert Taft (R-OH) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526431233290-0AHGXR4RBTLZN11BPTZ4/gingirch.jpg Parties and Leaders Rep. Newt Gingrich (R-GA), the Speaker of the House https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526432725669-8N2S5JK5VDCE8CTVD1YV/hastert.jpg Parties and Leaders Rep. J. Dennis Hastert (R-IL), the Speaker of the House. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525907310545-W6JK0KAGPSNWR8RJL3KU/douglas.jpg Parties and Leaders "Mr. President, I again ask for the yeas and nays. Every man has a right to commit suicide." - Senator Paul Douglas (D-IL) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525912625083-OKQMXKCIYQMW1R7KQQN9/jacobs.jpg Parties and Leaders "But maybe, just maybe, Congress does not consist of angels." - Rep. Andrew Jacobs (D-IN) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525363005555-VR2B54O6U914R9FLHJWG/Newlands.jpg Parties and Leaders Above: Rep. Francis Newlands (D-NV), author of the Newlands Reclamation Act. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525891328541-PJWG6ZQTBBP1IRY6QTKO/adams.jpg Parties and Leaders "When you expect to vote wrong; do not make a speech about it." - Senator Alva Blanchard Adams (D-CO), quoting former Senator Claude Swanson (D-VA) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525888914019-HA7O35PMECUYEX8NRZTN/garner.jpg Parties and Leaders Speaker of the House John Nance "Cactus Jack" Garner (D-TX) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1554415496430-6SGKYX4VZQ1L7WFQ03WM/real+mitch.jpg Parties and Leaders Sen. Mitch McConnell (R-KY), the Senate Majority Leader. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525920233048-ZEQU6MGRKDB5EDFNKEF5/hollings.jpg Parties and Leaders "Old Thomas Jefferson said as a between a free press and a free government he would choose the former. I never could understand it, but as I serve longer in public office, I do." - Sen. Ernest "Fritz" Hollings (D-SC) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525981626770-R100RWK64H7T2OLX9ACA/garn.jpg Parties and Leaders "We have two classes of senators here. Those who are not rich, those who do not have a rich father who left them a few million dollars in a trust fund, or stock, or a rich wife--some of us married for love." - Sen. Jake Garn (R-UT) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525888378098-EZ8I6334VQEPBYV2U26T/dawes.jpg Parties and Leaders "I should hate to think that the Senate was as tired of me at the beginning of my service as I am of the Senate at the end." Vice President Charles G. Dawes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525703415705-DF0V4HDPSF5EV29UI5OL/payne.jpg Parties and Leaders Above: House Majority Leader Sereno E. Payne (R-NY) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525899585516-PO5F3HMPRUTMNJAW9XDA/monroney.jpg Parties and Leaders " '“You might as well try to repair a B-29 with an old-fashioned monkey wrench as to do the job Congress faces today with its present tools." - Rep. Mike Monroney (D-OK), co-sponsor of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1945. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526475058549-MP6LJQ0DT48JP0SZ1KEF/pelosi2.jpg Parties and Leaders Rep. Nancy Pelosi (D-CA), the Speaker of the House. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525911299518-RJZUXVWNMZ1BG35Z9JF1/engle.jpg Parties and Leaders Above: Senator Claire Engle (D-CA). Unable to speak on account of a brain tumor, Engle pointed to his eye to vote in favor of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. He died just over a month later. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526475841348-2QOZ1PPAGPVHPABZBRXH/biden.jpg Parties and Leaders Vice President Joe Biden (D-DE) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525911847510-KKIN9SN3YQ91AUB2T0VW/mansfield.jpg Parties and Leaders Senator Mike Mansfield (D-MT), the Senate majority leader https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525800617724-1XDUNMT4WL5QNC97NT7V/lodge.jpg Parties and Leaders "Mr. President, I entirely understand the feeling of the Senator from Mississippi [Mr. WILLIAMS] that he desires to get back to the schedule. I always have that feeling myself after I have spoke two or three times in a debate that the whole debate should cease." Senate Majority Floor Leader Henry Cabot Lodge (R-MA) (above). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525887741528-SOIRBC5V67NAE92PYYGI/longworth.JPG Parties and Leaders Speaker of the House, Rep. Nicholas Longworth (R-OH) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526409199058-567ZB6JGVN0UFH4CK1S0/simpson.jpg Parties and Leaders "The adaptability and cunning of the coyote requires that all possible methods, lethal and nonlethal, be used in a manner that provides protection to big game and domestic livestock during such critical periods as lambing, fawning, and rearing. No one is calling for extinction of that wily adversary." - Sen. Alan Simpson (R-WY) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1526475268095-HX7S70P6RBERZSIYWQDN/reid2.jpg Parties and Leaders Sen. Harry Reid (D-NV), the Senate Majority Leader. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525911555486-GRHJ9H3W9BCJJJFWBE2T/Mills.jpg Parties and Leaders Rep. Wilbur Mills (D-AR), the powerful chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525891865241-T90MMBJ0I3RSZ830VOVQ/george.jpg Parties and Leaders "Mr. President, I congratulate the Vice President on the fact that he has an opportunity to break a tie vote, and that having had the opportunity he voted wrong." -- Senator Walter George (D-GA) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525907597347-CLGQQ5DCTBN6IAPD5P3S/douglas.jpg Parties and Leaders Judiciary Committee Chairman, Rep. Emanuel Celler (D-NY) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525888681085-FCKP3CNFPZYX9KWXH8LE/smoot.jpg Parties and Leaders Senator Reed Smoot (R-UT), co-sponsor of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525889395353-YCO9JWZWUUS3LBVTHEYB/bankhead.gif Parties and Leaders [Replying to a member complaining about the usage of a closed rule] "The gentleman has been here a long time. The gentleman knows how the game is played here in the House of Representatives." - Rules Committee Chair, Rep. William Bankhead (D-AL) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525801390607-F82IMPJY95CGILXY19L7/mccumber.jpg Parties and Leaders Above: Sen. Porter J. McCumber (R-ND), co-author of the Fordney-McCumber Tariff. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525906567974-QQFL1UGG8OHM40C1G34A/martin.jpg Parties and Leaders Speaker of the House, Rep. Joseph Martin (R-MA) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525721931061-ABOZ8NE6XDVE1TP7FZDX/clark.jpg Parties and Leaders Above: Speaker of the House Champ Clark (D-MO) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525906044690-7A7TPSTWHHATL62HU4BJ/mccarran.jpg Parties and Leaders Senator Pat McCarran (D-AZ) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525919215135-EFF5Q6T0MZ3I13DUL2IQ/byrd.jpeg Parties and Leaders "Most of the time, senators are unwilling to have their extended debates labeled as filibusters. But as far as I am concerned, one may call it whatever he wants. A rose by any other name smells the same." - Sen. Robert Byrd (D-WV) https://www.thecongressproject.com/home-2 daily 0.75 2020-07-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52a74d9ae4b0253945d2aee9/1535394848185-CGDDU4QCIRSO4U1270H3/image-asset.jpeg Home (Copy) - About Find out about our organization, mission, our methods, and the results of our decades of advocacy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52a74d9ae4b0253945d2aee9/1535394867157-MTQAOAQPKWQ68DDY1HTW/tumblr_mn8b8sLRb61rkz363o1_1280.jpg Home (Copy) - Take Action Ready to take the next step? You can become a contributor to our cause, or participate yourself. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52a74d9ae4b0253945d2aee9/1391287286405-92Z4A4R3T2ZSZAKNVS9V/image-asset.jpeg Home (Copy) - Transient (Copy) https://www.thecongressproject.com/home-1 daily 0.75 2020-07-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52a74d9ae4b0253945d2aee9/1535394848185-CGDDU4QCIRSO4U1270H3/image-asset.jpeg Home - About Find out about our organization, mission, our methods, and the results of our decades of advocacy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52a74d9ae4b0253945d2aee9/1535394867157-MTQAOAQPKWQ68DDY1HTW/tumblr_mn8b8sLRb61rkz363o1_1280.jpg Home - Take Action Ready to take the next step? You can become a contributor to our cause, or participate yourself. https://www.thecongressproject.com/57th-congress daily 0.75 2022-02-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525363005555-VR2B54O6U914R9FLHJWG/Newlands.jpg 57th Congress (1901-1903) https://www.thecongressproject.com/congresses daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1553269195697-AF0YP1O0XBUG6K6UG8A2/Benton.jpg Congresses Above (1850): Senator Henry Foote (D-MS) pulls a pistol on Senator Thomas Hart Benton (D-MO), who charges towards him. "Scene in Uncle Sam's Senate. 17th April 1850". Credit: Library of Congress. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1553270014049-M6JMYP0ZDIGQ1ON9QBPK/house+brawl.jpg Congresses Above (1858): One of the most infamous brawls in U.S. House history, it culminated in Rep. John "Bowie Knife" Potter (R-WI) ripping the hairpiece off the head of Rep. William Barksdale (D-MS). "Congressional Row, in the U.S. House of Representatives, Midnight of Friday, February 5th, 1858." Credit: Collection of the U.S. House of Representatives. https://www.thecongressproject.com/61st-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525703415705-DF0V4HDPSF5EV29UI5OL/payne.jpg 61st Congress (1909-1911) https://www.thecongressproject.com/116th-congress daily 0.75 2022-02-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/be1d8cab-71cf-4a6d-a873-d69d3d0b53f4/389da57b26d5f2d483c7f720781b5bf2.jpeg 116th Congress (2019-2021) https://www.thecongressproject.com/117th-congress daily 0.75 2022-02-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/788bfeb9-2c76-45e5-91c3-184fdb51e4cb/3BHUYOE2WNLYPCOZDY4ZHLNZLU.jpeg 117th Congress (2021-2023) https://www.thecongressproject.com/59th-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525378224960-UDQI2I9C1903C6NCYNEL/Cannon.jpg 59th Congress (1905-1907) https://www.thecongressproject.com/115th-congress daily 0.75 2022-05-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/ed7fb28b-f0de-4601-acda-caf4033b2bd9/Mike_Pence_official_Vice_Presidential_portrait.jpeg 115th Congress (2017-2019) https://www.thecongressproject.com/56th-congress daily 0.75 2022-02-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525359170835-INJSF13R5NMINKA1KZ9W/image-asset.jpeg 56th Congress (1899-1901) https://www.thecongressproject.com/60th-congress daily 0.75 2025-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ae8a979e17ba33451e0589f/1525703094693-E2BYCR25L6QDXMVY5IWQ/aldrich.jpg 60th Congress (1907-1909)